Keywords
biodiversity preservation
economic mechanisms
sustainable development
recreational load
natural capital
regional planning
cluster approach
ecological awareness
management of tourist flows
How to Cite
Abstract
The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the economic aspects of ecotourism development in the context of the tasks of preserving biological diversity. The relevance of the work is due to the increasing global anthropogenic pressure on ecosystems and the need to find sustainable management models that can generate economic benefits without undermining the ecological integrity of territories. The purpose of the study was to develop and substantiate a system of economic mechanisms and management decisions that allow for the harmonization of recreational activity with the requirements of nature preservation. The methodological base consists of an analysis of scientific literature, a comparative geographical method, a method of cognitive modeling of socio-economic processes, as well as a scenario approach. The study analyzed various types of territories, from mountainous regions and border agglomerations to specially protected natural areas. The results showed that the effective development of ecotourism requires a transition from an extensive model to an intensive one based on the quality of services and a controlled flow of visitors. The key economic instruments were differentiated pricing, the creation of environmentally-oriented clusters, the introduction of public-private partnership mechanisms to finance infrastructure, as well as a system of compensation payments and investments in ecosystem restoration. Special attention is paid to the role of ecotourism in shaping environmental awareness, which transforms consumer demand and creates the basis for the long-term sustainability of the industry. Based on the analysis, practical recommendations have been formulated for improving regulatory regulation, stimulating responsible business, and building effective regional strategies that balance economic and environmental priorities.
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